Solution: Go into your 'Games' menu, right click on the problem game and click on 'Properties'. Go to the 'Local Files' tab and click on 'Verify integrity of game cache...'. The same box that came up before will come again but this time it will take a while to validate you game files. This should fix the problem.
I have this problem right now and am performing the solution as I type this. I figured I would post it just in case anyone else has this problem in the future. I'll update this post letting everyone know how it went.
[Edit: It didn't work
